Next Thursday is the United Nation’s annual World Social Justice Day 2025. A quick look at official calendars shows that there will be lots of events around the country and across the UK on issues of gender, migration, poverty and inclusion. But at least for me the day asks some uncomfortable questions. In Scotland we often pride ourselves on being a nation built on fairness, dignity, and equality – the very bread and butter of social justice. We are after all the nation of ‘A Man’s a man for all that.’ Yet, when it comes to social care the sector that should be at the very heart of our social justice efforts – we continue to neglect, undervalue, and overlook it.
Social care is not just about helping people live their lives with dignity; it is a profound expression of our shared humanity. It embodies the very principles of social justice: equity, human rights, and the belief that everyone, regardless of age, ability, or background, deserves to participate fully in society. Indeed, as I have said on more than one occasion the distinctive nature of social care as understood by Scottish legislation makes explicit the social justice dimension of social care. And yet, despite all the fine words and policy commitments, social care in Scotland remains on the margins, rather than at the centre, of our social justice agenda.
For me it could not be more plain social care IS social justice and social justice without social care is empty and vacuous.
Too often, social justice is discussed in abstract terms – poverty, inequality, exclusion – without recognising that social care is where these issues play out most starkly. Social care supports older people, individuals with disability, and those living with mental health conditions. It ensures that people are not trapped in their homes, isolated from their communities, or living in fear of not having their most basic needs met. It is the safety net that allows people to thrive, not just survive.
Good social care is the difference between an individual being able to choose how they live their life and having that choice stripped away. It ensures that human rights are not just a theoretical construct but a lived reality. A society that fails to invest in social care is a society that perpetuates inequality, particularly for women, disabled people, and those in poverty, who are disproportionately affected by the gaps in the system.
So why, I ask myself, despite its fundamental role in achieving social justice, does social care continue to be underfunded, undervalued, and underappreciated – at least in Scotland? Why is it that this week we have discovered again that the economic value of adult social care to the Scottish economy is £5.2 billion; that for every £1 spent there are £2 worth of additional socio-economic benefits. Social care is not a drain but a massive driver and contributor to our economy yet it hardly ever appears in any official economic strategy as such.
I suspect the primary reason for this neglect – yet the one that most would not confess to or admit – is the uncomfortable truth that social care is still seen as ‘women’s work,’ as an extension of informal family caregiving rather than a critical professional service. The chronic undervaluation of care work – both paid and unpaid – is a stark reflection of gender inequality in our society. You can also add to this the insidious ageism which pervades attitudes to social care – only this week we have witnessed the casual stereotyping of older age and the dismissal of contribution from the elderly by some political figures including a UK Minister who had been working around adult social care!
It is also not helped by the failure to accept the critical preventative role of social care but instead to continually focus on social care as a reactive response. Instead of recognising social care as a public good, policymakers and political leaders continue to treat it as an emergency response, something to be patched up rather than properly invested in. This short-termism ensures that the system lurches from one crisis to another, rather than addressing the structural inequalities that create the need for care in the first place.
At the heart of social justice is economic justice yet whilst we often speak of fair work, of paying a real living wage, of tackling in-work poverty, we refuse to see that the low pay and poor conditions in social care are an economic justice issue. Until we properly fund social care services, we will continue to condemn thousands of care workers – predominantly women – to pay that does not reflect their professionalism, insecurity, and burnout.
And over all these the classic failure to see social care as an issue of social justice is the fact that social care has become a political football rather than a political priority. Social care in Scotland has been at the centre of political debates, particularly with the proposed National Care Service. But rather than being framed as a fundamental issue of rights and justice, it has too often been reduced to a question of bureaucratic restructuring. We need to ask: will any of these reforms (even the most recent) truly shift power into the hands of those receiving care and those providing it? Or will we continue to have a system where people feel unheard, unseen, and unvalued?
If we are serious about social justice in Scotland, then social care must be our starting point. We cannot claim to be a nation committed to fairness and equality while we continue to fail those who rely on and provide care.
On World Social Justice Day, let us move beyond rhetoric. Let us commit to:
- Fair pay, conditions, and recognition for care workers rather than self-congratulation about the Living Wage and promises tomorrow.
- A human rights-based approach to care that prioritises choice, dignity, and participation and has legislative bite with a new Human Rights Act and clear implementation of social care choice not the kind that is limited by budgets.
- A shift from crisis-driven social care that is there to rescue and patch up the NHS to preventative, community-based support
Social justice is not an abstract ideal. It is something we build through action, through policy, through investment. And it starts with ensuring that no one – whether they are receiving care or providing it – is treated as disposable.
Social care is social justice. It’s time we acted like it.
I leave you with some of the poetry of the contemporary American poet Jane Hirshfield whose works are enthused with a sideways look at the essence of justice. Her poem ‘For What Binds Us’ reflects on the various forces “both physical and emotional” that connect individuals and the resilience that emerges from shared experiences and healing.
For What Binds Us
There are names for what binds us:
strong forces, weak forces.
Look around, you can see them:
the skin that forms in a half-empty cup,
nails rusting into the places they join,
joints dovetailed on their own weight.
The way things stay so solidly
wherever they’ve been set down—
and gravity, scientists say, is weak.
And see how the flesh grows back
across a wound, with a great vehemence,
more strong
than the simple, untested surface before.
There’s a name for it on horses,
when it comes back darker and raised: proud flesh,
as all flesh,
is proud of its wounds, wears them
as honors given out after battle,
small triumphs pinned to the chest—
And when two people have loved each other
see how it is like a
scar between their bodies,
stronger, darker, and proud;
how the black cord makes of them a single fabric
that nothing can tear or mend.
Copyright Credit: Jane Hirshfield, “For What Binds Us” from Of Gravity & Angels. Copyright © 1988 by Jane Hirshfield and reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press. Source: Of Gravity & Angels (Wesleyan University Press, 1988)
This poem is available on the Poetry Foundation’s website: For What Binds Us | The Poetry Foundation
Donald Macaskill
Photo by Ian Schneider on Unsplash